>>1049this
i think anthropology and history is really important for knowing what types of societal relationships there have been, how stable they were, and their conditions, in order to know what we should be able to expect of the world in the future.
There's precedent for pretty unhierarchical societies among peoples that had direct access to their means of survival (abundant food, unbroken chains of traditional lifeways passed down, abundant shelter or good weather conditions). Sadly this is also exploitable, i think if history shows us anything it's that basically power begets power, and if surplus is able to be stored its able to be stolen or used beyond previous normal use (on this second point, e.g. building walls or lage ships out of your local forest rather than using it for housing your food/neighbors, fire wood, and shelter), and then those people can go on to take over more people and lands
The scariest actually is the fact that domesticated people can be a surplus in themselves, and so anywhere where people live even if not super rich in resources can be subject to the same logic as exploiting rich natural resources.
But on the flip side, we see in past societies how they resisted state formation and how states dissolve.
I really love especially in Against the Grain how it doesnt follow with the normal liberal or marxist logic of economy and government as separate things. Social structure, hierarchy, policing/control, and the flows of resources are totally intertwined and cant be talked about without each other. It also kind of demolishes in my mind (well im not new to this position but it adds more that e.g. AHAL couldnt, being not an actual detailed anthropological work) the categories that leftists see societies through. In early mesopotamian city states, there were sweat shops. There was dispossession of previously landed and free people. This sounds like how capitalism spread too. The lines are increasinly blurred to me. I think it's all really the same (again im not new to this position but you know sometimes a work just… solidifies something in a radical way), like its a simple formula, where what releases and puts to use energy is able to release and put to use more energy… the intricacies change, but the form and goal is always the same. People and land are subjugated in order for larger resource extraction to happen in an impersonal way. The original alienations come with the start of forced settlement and work in walled cities under rulers. The people working dont see the fruits of their labors for themselves, and the people reaping the reward dont work for it directly. The logic of Capital already flows through these conduits